syncthing/internal/db/sqlite/basedb.go

// Copyright (C) 2025 The Syncthing Authors.
//
// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
// License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this file,
// You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.

package sqlite

import (
	"context"
	"database/sql"
	"embed"
	"io/fs"
	"log/slog"
	"net/url"
	"path/filepath"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"text/template"
	"time"

	"github.com/jmoiron/sqlx"
	"github.com/syncthing/syncthing/internal/slogutil"
	"github.com/syncthing/syncthing/lib/build"
	"github.com/syncthing/syncthing/lib/protocol"
)

const (
	currentSchemaVersion = 6
	applicationIDMain    = 0x53546d6e // "STmn", Syncthing main database
	applicationIDFolder  = 0x53546664 // "STfd", Syncthing folder database
)

//go:embed sql/**
var embedded embed.FS

type baseDB struct {
	path     string
	baseName string
	sql      *sqlx.DB

	updateLock       sync.Mutex
	updatePoints     int
	checkpointsCount int

	statementsMut sync.RWMutex
	statements    map[string]*sqlx.Stmt
	tplInput      map[string]any
}

func openBase(path string, maxOpenConns, maxIdleConns int, pragmas, schemaScripts, migrationScripts []string) (*baseDB, error) {
	// Open the database with options to enable foreign keys and recursive
	// triggers (needed for the delete+insert triggers on row replace).
	pathURL := url.URL{
		Scheme:   "file",
		Path:     fileToUriPath(path),
		RawQuery: commonOptions,
	}
	sqlDB, err := sqlx.Open(dbDriver, pathURL.String())
	if err != nil {
		return nil, wrap(err)
	}

	sqlDB.SetMaxOpenConns(maxOpenConns)
	sqlDB.SetMaxIdleConns(maxIdleConns)

	for _, pragma := range pragmas {
		if _, err := sqlDB.Exec("PRAGMA " + pragma); err != nil {
			return nil, wrap(err, "PRAGMA "+pragma)
		}
	}

	db := &baseDB{
		path:       path,
		baseName:   filepath.Base(path),
		sql:        sqlDB,
		statements: make(map[string]*sqlx.Stmt),
		tplInput: map[string]any{
			"FlagLocalUnsupported":   protocol.FlagLocalUnsupported,
			"FlagLocalIgnored":       protocol.FlagLocalIgnored,
			"FlagLocalMustRescan":    protocol.FlagLocalMustRescan,
			"FlagLocalReceiveOnly":   protocol.FlagLocalReceiveOnly,
			"FlagLocalGlobal":        protocol.FlagLocalGlobal,
			"FlagLocalNeeded":        protocol.FlagLocalNeeded,
			"FlagLocalRemoteInvalid": protocol.FlagLocalRemoteInvalid,
			"LocalInvalidFlags":      protocol.LocalInvalidFlags,
			"SyncthingVersion":       build.LongVersion,
		},
	}

	// Create a specific connection for the schema setup and migration to
	// run in. We do this because we need to disable foreign keys for the
	// duration, which is a thing that needs to happen outside of a
	// transaction and affects the connection it's run on. So we need to a)
	// make sure all our commands run on this specific connection (which the
	// transaction accomplishes naturally) and b) make sure these pragmas
	// don't leak to anyone else afterwards.
	ctx := context.TODO()
	conn, err := db.sql.Connx(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, wrap(err)
	}
	defer func() {
		_, _ = conn.ExecContext(ctx, "PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")
		_, _ = conn.ExecContext(ctx, "PRAGMA legacy_alter_table = OFF")
		conn.Close()
	}()
	if _, err := conn.ExecContext(ctx, "PRAGMA foreign_keys = OFF"); err != nil {
		return nil, wrap(err)
	}
	if _, err := conn.ExecContext(ctx, "PRAGMA legacy_alter_table = ON"); err != nil {
		return nil, wrap(err)
	}

	tx, err := conn.BeginTxx(ctx, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, wrap(err)
	}
	defer tx.Rollback()

	for _, script := range schemaScripts {
		if err := db.runScripts(tx, script); err != nil {
			return nil, wrap(err)
		}
	}

	ver, _ := db.getAppliedSchemaVersion(tx)
	appliedMigrations := false
	if ver.SchemaVersion > 0 {
		filter := func(scr string) bool {
			scr = filepath.Base(scr)
			nstr, _, ok := strings.Cut(scr, "-")
			if !ok {
				return false
			}
			n, err := strconv.ParseInt(nstr, 10, 32)
			if err != nil {
				return false
			}
			if int(n) > ver.SchemaVersion {
				slog.Info("Applying database migration", slogutil.FilePath(db.baseName), slog.String("script", scr))
				appliedMigrations = true
				return true
			}
			return false
		}
		for _, script := range migrationScripts {
			if err := db.runScripts(tx, script, filter); err != nil {
				return nil, wrap(err)
			}
		}

		// Run the initial schema scripts once more. This is generally a
		// no-op. However, dropping a table removes associated triggers etc,
		// and that's a thing we sometimes do in migrations. To avoid having
		// to repeat the setup of associated triggers and indexes in the
		// migration, we re-run the initial schema scripts.
		for _, script := range schemaScripts {
			if err := db.runScripts(tx, script); err != nil {
				return nil, wrap(err)
			}
		}

		// Finally, ensure nothing we've done along the way has violated key integrity.
		if appliedMigrations {
			if _, err := conn.ExecContext(ctx, "PRAGMA foreign_key_check"); err != nil {
				return nil, wrap(err)
			}
		}
	}

	// Set the current schema version, if not already set
	if err := db.setAppliedSchemaVersion(tx, currentSchemaVersion); err != nil {
		return nil, wrap(err)
	}

	if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
		return nil, wrap(err)
	}

	if appliedMigrations {
		// We applied migrations and should take the opportunity to vaccuum
		// the database.
		if err := db.vacuumAndOptimize(); err != nil {
			return nil, wrap(err)
		}
	}

	return db, nil
}

func fileToUriPath(path string) string {
	path = filepath.ToSlash(path)
	if (build.IsWindows && len(path) >= 2 && path[1] == ':') ||
		(strings.HasPrefix(path, "//") && !strings.HasPrefix(path, "///")) {
		// Add an extra leading slash for Windows drive letter or UNC path
		path = "/" + path
	}
	return path
}

func (s *baseDB) Close() error {
	s.updateLock.Lock()
	s.statementsMut.Lock()
	defer s.updateLock.Unlock()
	defer s.statementsMut.Unlock()
	for _, stmt := range s.statements {
		stmt.Close()
	}
	return wrap(s.sql.Close())
}

var tplFuncs = template.FuncMap{
	"or": func(vs ...int) int {
		v := vs[0]
		for _, ov := range vs[1:] {
			v |= ov
		}
		return v
	},
}

// stmt returns a prepared statement for the given SQL string, after
// applying local template expansions. The statement is cached.
func (s *baseDB) stmt(tpl string) stmt {
	tpl = strings.TrimSpace(tpl)

	// Fast concurrent lookup of cached statement
	s.statementsMut.RLock()
	stmt, ok := s.statements[tpl]
	s.statementsMut.RUnlock()
	if ok {
		return stmt
	}

	// On miss, take the full lock, check again
	s.statementsMut.Lock()
	defer s.statementsMut.Unlock()
	stmt, ok = s.statements[tpl]
	if ok {
		return stmt
	}

	// Prepare and cache
	stmt, err := s.sql.Preparex(s.expandTemplateVars(tpl))
	if err != nil {
		return failedStmt{err}
	}
	s.statements[tpl] = stmt
	return stmt
}

// expandTemplateVars just applies template expansions to the template
// string, or dies trying
func (s *baseDB) expandTemplateVars(tpl string) string {
	var sb strings.Builder
	compTpl := template.Must(template.New("tpl").Funcs(tplFuncs).Parse(tpl))
	if err := compTpl.Execute(&sb, s.tplInput); err != nil {
		panic("bug: bad template: " + err.Error())
	}
	return sb.String()
}

func (s *baseDB) vacuumAndOptimize() error {
	stmts := []string{
		"VACUUM;",
		"PRAGMA optimize;",
		"PRAGMA wal_checkpoint(truncate);",
	}
	for _, stmt := range stmts {
		if _, err := s.sql.Exec(stmt); err != nil {
			return wrap(err, stmt)
		}
	}
	return nil
}

type stmt interface {
	Exec(args ...any) (sql.Result, error)
	Get(dest any, args ...any) error
	Queryx(args ...any) (*sqlx.Rows, error)
	Select(dest any, args ...any) error
}

type failedStmt struct {
	err error
}

func (f failedStmt) Exec(_ ...any) (sql.Result, error)   { return nil, f.err }
func (f failedStmt) Get(_ any, _ ...any) error           { return f.err }
func (f failedStmt) Queryx(_ ...any) (*sqlx.Rows, error) { return nil, f.err }
func (f failedStmt) Select(_ any, _ ...any) error        { return f.err }

func (s *baseDB) runScripts(tx *sqlx.Tx, glob string, filter ...func(s string) bool) error {
	scripts, err := fs.Glob(embedded, glob)
	if err != nil {
		return wrap(err)
	}

nextScript:
	for _, scr := range scripts {
		for _, fn := range filter {
			if !fn(scr) {
				continue nextScript
			}
		}
		bs, err := fs.ReadFile(embedded, scr)
		if err != nil {
			return wrap(err, scr)
		}
		// SQLite requires one statement per exec, so we split the init
		// files on lines containing only a semicolon and execute them
		// separately. We require it on a separate line because there are
		// also statement-internal semicolons in the triggers.
		for _, stmt := range strings.Split(string(bs), "\n;") {
			if _, err := tx.Exec(s.expandTemplateVars(stmt)); err != nil {
				if strings.Contains(stmt, "syncthing:ignore-failure") {
					// We're ok with this failing. Just note it.
					slog.Debug("Script failed, but with ignore-failure annotation", slog.String("script", scr), slogutil.Error(wrap(err, stmt)))
				} else {
					return wrap(err, stmt)
				}
			}
		}
	}

	return nil
}

type schemaVersion struct {
	SchemaVersion    int
	AppliedAt        int64
	SyncthingVersion string
}

func (s *schemaVersion) AppliedTime() time.Time {
	return time.Unix(0, s.AppliedAt)
}

func (s *baseDB) setAppliedSchemaVersion(tx *sqlx.Tx, ver int) error {
	_, err := tx.Exec(`
		INSERT OR IGNORE INTO schemamigrations (schema_version, applied_at, syncthing_version)
		VALUES (?, ?, ?)
	`, ver, time.Now().UnixNano(), build.LongVersion)
	return wrap(err)
}

func (s *baseDB) getAppliedSchemaVersion(tx *sqlx.Tx) (schemaVersion, error) {
	var v schemaVersion
	err := tx.Get(&v, `
		SELECT schema_version as schemaversion, applied_at as appliedat, syncthing_version as syncthingversion FROM schemamigrations
		ORDER BY schema_version DESC
		LIMIT 1
	`)
	return v, wrap(err)
}